subordinates, and immediately inform them of any changes to the ROE. Rangers must have the discipline to identify the enemy from noncombatants and to ensure civilians understand and follow all directed commands. NOTE: Civilians may not speak English, may be hiding (especially small children), or may be dazed from a breach. Do not give them the means to resist. Rehearse how clearing/ search teams will react to these variables. Never compromise the safety of your Rangers. Consider having the TERP use a marking system to separate MAMs from women and children. Have designated dirty and clean rooms as well as a tactical questioning area. 12-11. CLOSE QUARTERS COMBAT. Due to the nature of a CQC encounter, engagements will be very close (within 10 meters) and very fast (targets exposed for only a few seconds). Most close quarter's engagements are won by who hits first and puts the enemy down. It is more important to knock an enemy down as soon as possible than it is to kill him. In order to win a close quarters engagement, Rangers must make quick, accurate shots by mere reflex. This is accomplished by reflexive fire training. Remember, no matter how proficient you are, always fire until the enemy goes down. All reflexive fire training is conducted with the eyes open. NOTE: Research has determined that only three out of ten people actually fire their weapons when confronted by an enemy during room cleaning operations. Close quarters combat success for the Ranger begins with the Ranger being psychologically prepared for the close quarter’s battle. The foundation for this preparedness begins with the Ranger’s proficiency in basic rifle marksmanship. Survival in the urban environment does not depend on advanced skills and technologies. Rangers must be proficient in the basics. 12-12. REHEARSALS. Similar to the conduct of other military operations, leaders need to designate time for rehearsals. UOs require a variety of individual, collective, and special tasks that are not associated with operations on less complex terrain. These tasks require additional rehearsal time for clearing, breaching, obstacle reduction, casualty evacuation, and support teams. Additionally, time must be identified for rehearsals with combined arms elements. These may include, but are not limited to a. Stance. Feet are shoulder width apart, toes pointed straight to the front (direction of movement). The firing side foot is slightly staggered to the rear of the non firing foot. Knees are slightly bent and the upper body leans slightly forward. Shoulders are not rolled or slouched. Weapon is held with the butt stock in the pocket of the shoulder maintaining firm rearward pressure into the shoulder. This will allow for more accurate shot placement on multiple targets. The firing side elbow is kept in against the body and the hand should be forward on the weapon not on the magazine well. This allows for better control of the weapon. The stance should be modified to ensure the Ranger maintains a comfortable boxer stance. b. Low Carry Technique. The butt stock of the weapon is placed in the pocket of the shoulder. The barrel is pointed down so the front sight post and day optic are just outside of Ranger’s field of vision. The head is always up identifying targets. This technique is safest and is recommended for use by the clearing team once inside the room. c. High Carry Technique. The butt stock of the weapon is held in the armpit. The barrel is pointed slightly up with the front sight post in the peripheral vision of the individual. To assume the proper firing position, push out on the pistol grip, thrust the weapon forward, and pull the weapon straight back into the pocket of the shoulder. This technique is best suited for the line up outside the door. Exercise caution with this technique always maintaining situational awareness, particularly in a multi floored building. NOTE: Muzzle awareness is critical to the successful execution of close quarter’s operations. Rangers must never, at any time, point their weapons at or cross the bodies of their fellow Rangers. Rangers should also avoid (always) exposing the muzzle of their weapons around corners; this is referred to as “flagging." d. Malfunction. If a Ranger has a malfunction with his weapon during any CQC training, he will take a knee to conduct immediate action. Once the malfunction is cleared, there is no need to immediately stand up to engage targets. Rangers can save precious seconds by continuing to engage from one knee. Whenever other members of the team see a Ranger down, they must